In data grid, using reservation is accepted to provide scheduling and service quality.Users need to have an access to the stored data in geographical environment, which can be solved by using replication, and an action taken to reach certainty. As a result, users are directed toward the nearest version to access information. The most important point is to know in which sites and distributed system the produced versions are located. By selecting a suitable place for versions, the versions having performance, efficiency and lower access time are used. In this study, an efficient method is presented to select the best place for those versions created in data grid by using the users’ firefly algorithm which is compared with two algorithms. Results show that firefly algorithm has better performance than others.

Abstract: A Data Grid connects a collection of geographically distributed computational and storage resources that enables users to share data and other resources. Data replication, a technique much discussed by Data Grid researchers in recent years creates multiple copies of file and places them in various locations to shorten file access times. In this paper, a Dynamic data replication strategy, called Modified Dynamic Hierarchical replication (MDHR) is proposed. This strategy is an enhanced version of Dynamic Hierarchical replication (DHR). However, replication should be used wisely because the storage capacity of each Grid site is limited. Thus, it is important to design an effective strategy for the replication replacement task. MDHR replaces replicas based on the last time the replica was requested, number of access, and size of replica. It selects the best replica location from among the many replicas based on response time that can be determined by considering the data transfer time, the storage access latency, the replica requests that waiting in the storage queue, the distance between nodes and CPU process capability. Simulation results utilizing the OptorSim show MDHR achieves better performance overall than other strategies in terms of job execution time, effective network usage and storage usage.

Large-scale data management is a critical problem in a distributed system such as cloud, P2P system, World Wide Web (WWW), and Data Grid. One of the effective solutions is data replication technique, which efficiently reduces the cost of communication and improves the data reliability and response time. Various replication methods can be proposed depending on when, where, and how replicas are generated and removed. In this paper, different replication algorithms are investigated to determine which attributes are assumed in a given algorithm and which are declined. We provide a tabular representation of important factors to facilitate the future comparison of data replication algorithms. This paper also presents some interesting discussions about future works in data replication by proposing some open research challenges.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health concern, affecting millions worldwide and often leading to severe liver diseases. Chronic conditions associated with HBV contribute to the development of liver fibrosis, a crucial prognostic factor necessitating urgent therapeutic strategies. Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the interplay between interferon (IFN)-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) (NAD-dependent deacetylase), and STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) in the context of HBV infection, focusing on understanding their roles in viral replication and innate immune responses. Methods: This study investigates the interaction between Sirt1 and IFI16 during active HBV replication using siRNA-mediated knockdown and co-transfection techniques. HBV replication is assessed following IFI16 silencing, and the synergistic inhibition of IFI16 and Sirt1 is evaluated. Western blotting, electrophoresis, and immunoprecipitation methods are employed to explore STING's role in DNA-mediated innate immunity and interferon-stimulated gene activation during viral infection. Results: While individual knockdown of IFI16 has minimal impact on HBV replication, with a reduction of less than 10%, dual inhibition of IFI16 and Sirt1 resulted in a significant reduction in viral replication by approximately 70%. This underscores the synergistic role of these proteins in the context of HBV infection. Furthermore, the study implicates STING as a promising therapeutic target for viral infections, shedding light on its regulatory role in innate immune responses and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Conclusions: Our study reveals the complex interplay between IFI16, Sirt1, and STING in HBV infection, highlighting potential therapeutic targets. While in vitro findings offer valuable insights, in vivo validation and further exploration of broader pathway interactions are essential. Future efforts should prioritize translating these findings into clinical applications for HBV treatment.

Due to the lack of measurements in many regions, wave characteristics are estimated using different methods. Wave climate hindcasting/forecasting is mostly conducted by numerical models or empirical methods. Until now, different empirical methods have been developed for wave hindcasting. However, with the development of high speed processors, several sophisticated numerical models have been developed for wave prediction. These models are mostly phase-averaged spectral wave models developed in three generations. In the last two decades, third generation wave models have been used widely in academic and practical projects. In this regard, Port and Maritime Organization has produced his own model, PMO Dynamic. This model has been developed as a part of first three phases of Monitoring and Modeling of Study of Iranian Coasts project. PMO Dynamic package is a software available for engineering purposes. It has several modules that have been developed for different objectives. Wave model is the module which is used for the generation and transformation of wind waves in coastal areas. In this paper, in order to test the PMO Dynamic model capabilities, it has been applied for the prediction of wave parameters in Bushehr Bay and the results have been compared with MIKE21 SW model and measured data.

Background: In intertrochanteric fractures، Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is the most frequently used tool، but several studies did not give good results for this device in reverse-oblique and transverse fractures. Current study aimed to compare fixation results of reverse-oblique intertrochanteric and short-segment subtrochanteric fractures using Dynamic condylar screw (DCS) and DHS in patients referred to Alzahra and Kashani Hospitals in Isfahan, Iran.Methods: In a cross-sectional study، medical files of the patients referred to emergency units of the two hospitals who were diagnosed with intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures and underwent DHS or DCS surgery more than 6 months before were assessed; they were invited for follow-up visit and examination. Written consent forms were taken from all the patients upon their entry; and they were examined in terms of complications including nonunion and failure of device and level of fracture improvement. These cases were evaluated by simple radiography ,too. Results obtained from examination of patients in addition to demographic information were recorded in the data collection form for each patient.Findings: Perfect union was observed in 14 (of 25) patients in DHS group and 21 (of 25) patients in DCS group (56% vs. 84%) six months after the surgery. Bone union was significantly better in DCS group (P=0.031). In addition, six months after the surgery, the devices used in 14 people in DHS group and 24 people in DCS group were fixed and the difference between the two groups was significant (P=0.001). 14 and 24 patients had total recovery in DHS and DCS groups، respectively (20% vs. 44%) with a significant difference (P=0.020).Conclusion: Considering obtained results, it can be concluded that using DCS is recommended over DHS due to severity of pain, bone union and fixation of the device.

One of the issues of reliable performance in the power grid is the existence of electromechanical oscillations between interconnected generators. The number of generators participating in each electromechanical oscillation mode and the frequency oscillation depends on the structure and function of the power grid. In this paper, to improve the transient nature of the network and damping electromechanical fluctuations, a decentralized robust adaptive control method based on Dynamic programming has been used to design a stabilizing power system and a complementary static var compensator (SVC) controller. By applying a single line to ground fault in the network, the robustness of the designed control systems is demonstrated. Also, the simulation results of the method used in this paper are compared with controllers whose parameters are adjusted using the PSO algorithm. The simulation results show the superiority of the decentralized robust adaptive control method based on Dynamic programming for the stabilizing design of the power system and the complementary SVC controller. The performance of the control method is tested using the IEEE 16-machine, 68-bus, 5-area is verified with time domain simulation.